Teaching Portfolio
Luis A. San Andrés, Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University (TAMU)
February 2005

Table of Contents (click below for desired topic)

Personal teaching philosophy

Teaching strategies in the classroom

Educational software and laboratory development

Teaching improvement and assessment

Undergraduate and minority students involvement in research

Personal philosophy about graduate student education

Educational activities with Latin American universities

Future goals as an educator

Appendix A. Syllabus for Mechanical Systems I class

Appendix B. Performance Objectives for Mechanical Systems I class

Appendix C. Syllabus for Mechanical Systems I Laboratory

Appendix D. Pictures of In-class demonstration kits

Appendix E. Ratings from student evaluation forms

My primary area of teaching responsibility at TAMU is the junior level Dynamics and Vibrations course (MEEN 363). I also teach the graduate classes in Mechanical Vibrations (MEEN 617) and Lubrication Theory (MEEN 626).

Personal teaching philosophy (Top)
I believe that students learn only to the extent in which they are motivated to learn. I encourage students to apply their full intellectual potential in the learning process. My teaching philosophy and performance are evidenced by,

  1. the methods I employ to teach the students how to learn the subject matter and not just delivering the class material,
  2. the relevance of the subject material with actual applications that enhance the students experience and formalize their education as responsible engineers,
  3. the learning and practice of effective teaching techniques and modern technology in the classroom,
  4. the permanent development and updating of classes, syllabi and laboratory practices, and
  5. the mentoring and advising of undergraduate and graduate students in the development of their engineering research projects.

In the classroom and in conversations with students I "preach" engineering as a way of life permeated by knowledge and responsibility. I do not spoon feed knowledge nor I prescribe recipes for quick fixes nor I provide plug and chug formulae to satisfy an immediate need. I teach the students how to learn the subject matter, I just not deliver the class material. I follow the Socratic method, always questioning the perceived evidence in search for the truth. I will rarely provide factual answers but most often guide the students to rationalize their experiences of the natural world.

My teaching goal is to prepare students to become real engineers, self-motivated and independent individuals with a wealth of abilities to provide leadership in the technical world. In class I stress the need for keen observation of nature and its behavior, searching for the root cause of measured or observed effects. Once the student "sees" the problem by virtue of applying the fundamental physical laws, we devise the mathematical model governing the dynamics of the system or its components. The most important part of the analysis process is related to the early recognition of the limits and applicability of the model to the actual thing (a system, a hardware component, etc). Next, the solution of the governing equations provides the time evolution or dynamic response (behavior) of the system. The important questions are not just related to the accuracy of the numerical predictions but whether the analysis provides answers to:

  1. How does the system respond with time for any particular type of disturbance?
  2. How long it will take for the dynamic action to dissipate if the disturbance is briefly applied and then removed?
  1. Whether the system is stable or if its oscillations will increase in magnitude with time even after the disturbance has been removed.
  2. What design modifications can be made to the system to improve its dynamic characteristics with regard to some specific application?

An adequate answer to the questions above allows the student to provide firm rationale and sound recommendations that will allow a component or system to be well designed and fulfilling adequately its performance or specified use.

My classes are well organized. I update the syllabus often both in content and form. I try to include the latest advancements in presentation technology and demonstrative software. Fellow teachers comment that I am too organized! An organized class allows me not only to deliver the expected material but also to teach the students how to learn the subject matter while increasing the student experience and confidence. My class syllabi do not merely list grade distributions and schedule of exams. The syllabi describe in detail the expected learning objectives and include weekly descriptions of the material to be taught, reading assignments, homework and laboratory reports. I also provide the students with conscientious policies regarding office hours, scholastic dishonesty and plagiarism. Appendix A lists an example syllabus for the Mechanical Systems I class.

I also developed a comprehensive set of Performance Objectives (PO) for my classes. These instructional objectives, crucial to the teaching and learning process, reveal the student what I intend to teach and what the student should be able to do once he/she completes the course. The POs detail

  1. the fundamental learning goals,
  2. the skills gained in the class which will enhance the student experience,
  3. the required pre-requisite material needed for successful engagement in the class,
  4. the level of student mastery expected for each topic covered in the class.

The POs allow the students to quantify their competence (progress) in the learned material and to qualify their experience in terms of the fundamental concepts grasped, the relevant examples studied and applications envisioned. That is, the instructional objectives provide both depth and breadth on the studied subject. The POs emphasize fundamental concepts leading towards the abstraction of natural phenomena, the modeling and analysis of systems, the mathematical solution of governing equations, and the interpretation of results which stresses sound engineering judgment (and common sense). Appendix B lists the Performance Objectives for the undergraduate class in Mechanical Systems I.

Teaching strategies in the classroom (Top)
I conduct class with a personable approach always accompanied by a nosy curiosity. An adequate interaction with the students is important to create an environment conducive to fruitful teaching and learning. I often incorporate anecdotes and facts from my industrial and research experience. It is not unusual to find me jumping and dancing in the classroom while explaining the students how mechanical systems behave in real life. My humor is sometimes celebrated and other times detested. Nevertheless, I apply myself to keep the students' attention at all times.

The students have access to class notes which I update every semester. These notes include the material taught (overheads), worked examples, useful articles found in technical magazines and journals, and pedagogical material on how to write technical reports or prepare for exams, etc. The class notes and technical report for the Dynamics and Vibrations class are available at webCT.  Class notes for the Lubrication Theory graduate class are available at http://phn.tamu.edu/me626

I initiate every class with an overhead describing

  1. class number and date, reading assignment for next class,
  2. material taught in current class with highlights on the learned concepts,
  3. homework assignment due at an specified later time,
  4. announcements such as a date for an exam or quiz or Career Center Fair, and greetings for a holiday if one is approaching,

I often remind the students about an apparent contradiction: mathematical models are often limited to grasp real world phenomena and yet most often simple models describe with detail our physical world. Whether the model is too complex or too simple is not important as long as it includes the phenomena of interest. That is, only the sound application (and comprehension) of the fundamental physical principles leads to reliable models. Models (and analysis) must be complex by containing all parameters of interest yet still simple to allow accurate predictions in a reasonable time.

I use profusely overheads in my lectures. These are color documents that highlight the concepts of importance. I also use "unfinished" overheads when working examples and problems. As I explain and work the problem I fill the overhead with details of the model, assumptions and calculations. The students follow the same instructions in their class notes. I believe the students retain more knowledge if they are able to see in full color the material learned. Students merely listening to an impersonal lecture or attempting to copy all the scribbles drawn on a board can not be considered as activities engaging the students' participation in the learning process.

The students' learning is enhanced when they actually see the hardware in operation and my desire is to demonstrate the students how well analysis applies to "real life" experiences and daily events. In this regard, I have developed a set of simple yet comprehensive class demonstration gadgets that keep the students focused in the learning process and excited about becoming engineers in a world permeated by technology. Most often I come to class armed with a long slender wood stick or a heavy weight attached to a bungie cord. These two simple gadgets allow me to demonstrate a formidable variety of dynamic system behaviors including excitation of natural frequencies and mode shapes, free and forced responses, and even system instabilities.

At the end of every class period I ask the students to fill a One Minute Paper form which contains the following questions:

    1. What is the most important thing that I learned in class today?
    2. What is the thing(s) that remain unanswered in my mind today?

The One Minute Paper allows prompt student feedback and also serves to gauge the students' understanding of the material taught. Each class period after my introductory overhead I dedicate five minutes to answer all the relevant questions posed in the feedback forms. I have been using the One Minute Paper since 1995 and I consider it as an excellent teaching resource. Its effectiveness, however, seems to decrease as the semester progresses because by then the students are well aware of the class content, organization and expectations. In other words, most students have been able to adapt to my teaching style. In the last weeks of the semester I change the One Minute Paper so that the students address the following questions,

  1. Can you think of an example or actual situation where today's material can be applied?
  2. In simple words, how would you explain to a friend the concept (…) learned in class today?

This variation keeps the students motivated and willing to assess their understanding of the desired performance objectives.

I have students work in groups for homework, take-home exams and quizzes, laboratory tasks and report preparation. I believe that cooperative (team) work is important since it reproduces to a high degree the prevailing working conditions in real life. I challenge the students to become better than the "perfect" student who not only provides detailed work useful just for the current class but that could be considered as a reference or resource in his/her future professional work. A grade of 10 implies the perfect work. However, I do not limit grades to this top qualification. I have been pleasantly surprised through the years at how students working in groups excel in their work. By the end of the semester, groups of students compete fiercely because they have far exceeded the expectations of an elusive perfect student. The students are able to recognize the fruits of relevant work and feel good about their performance. Homework final grades have been at times 50% higher than the maximum value allotted at the start of the class.

I regularly conduct midterm class evaluations. The students provide answers to the following form:

Since we are in this together, list at least as many items in answer to question (1) as you do for question (2).

  1. What can you do to help you learn more?
  2. What can I do to help you learn more?
  3. What, if anything, am I doing that you want to be sure I continue doing? The answer to this question is important since I will have to make choices based on the answers to the above questions and don't want to stop doing what you find most effective.

The students’ feedback allows to strengthen the teaching goals and aids to modify the teaching strategy (if needed) to either allocate more time for worked examples or to review in depth some fundamental material. I realize that I must adapt my teaching so that I can provide meaningful instruction to students who have a myriad of learning styles. In all cases I try to be proactive and attentive to the students’ requests. I also try to facilitate learning and (in my point of view) grades are ultimately not important. I am a dedicated and conscientious teacher and I want all students to try learning as hard as I also try to impart knowledge. An efficient teaching method does not need to relax the requirements for technical competence in the material learned.

I prepare exams fully aware of the inherent time limit and taking into consideration their stressful nature and impact in the tight schedule of the students. The exams contain multiple problems that address to a specific skill or knowledge to be mastered by the students. I pay particular attention to the wording in each question and detail the partial grade distribution for each problem. The exams include a number of short answer questions, true or false, that evaluate the student's grasp of fundamental concepts. I stress not only the procedure to solve the engineering problem but more importantly the relevant physical magnitude of the answer. There is little knowledge gained with the "right answer" when this is not accompanied by the sound judgment of its physical magnitude and its relevance to the life and/or performance of the mechanical component or system studied. In all exams I request the students to certify a non-cheating individual work policy as per the TAMU Aggie Code of Honor.


Educational software and laboratory development (Top)
In 1994, Professor John Vance and I revamped the content of the undergraduate Mechanical Systems I Laboratory to include practical experiences providing the students hands-on-experience for the experimental identification of system physical parameters and the measurement of the time response of dynamic systems. Both instructors have made a conscientious effort to help the students in the preparation of self-contained and accurate technical reports. The instructional material also includes the evaluation of uncertainty in experimental single sample measurements. This topic is of fundamental importance to render reliable measurements of practical use and which provides the student with a clear understanding of the limitations of experimental techniques, accuracy of sensors, instruments and A/D data conversion. I have also developed a format for report presentation that follows the technical memorandum used frequently in industry. Appendix C details the laboratory syllabus, policies, report format as a technical memorandum and an introduction to uncertainty in experimentation. (Note: This class was phased out in 2000, when the new curriculum in MEEN was set in place)

In general it is believed that graduate classes are mainly theoretical with emphasis on advanced mathematical analysis. However, simple demonstrative experiments are worth a thousand times more than complicated verbal descriptions of physical behavior. To this end I have developed with the help of graduate students several experimental rigs and kits for demonstration in the Mechanical Systems I (MEEN 334), Lubrication Theory (MEEN 626) and Mechanical Vibrations (MEEN 617) classes. The demo-kits include simple mass-spring-damper systems (1- and 2-DOF), a miniature power plant and rotor kits demonstrating fluid film bearing whirl and whip instabilities, squeeze film damper behavior, etc. Appendix D shows photographs of some of the demonstration rigs I have developed or purchased and modified. My Principal Investigator research incentive return funds have been used for the construction or acquisition of the demonstration rigs.

I also present in class systems’ simulations using a personal computer. The students are taught how a particular system responds to dynamic inputs (theory and solution of ODEs). Next, the MATHCAD© software I have developed allows the students to observe in real time the system response due to changes in the input parameters. Several worksheets demonstrating the dynamic response (vibrations) of single and multiple degree of freedom systems can be downloaded from the URL site http://phn.tamu.edu/me617


Teaching improvement and assessment (Top)
I am familiar with the principles of active teaching and collaborative learning. I have attended a number of teaching workshops and seminars on the subject and implemented some of the cooperative teaching techniques on my classes. My student teaching evaluations show continuous improvements. Although these are important, I do not consider the evaluations as the sole source to base my teaching performance. Undergraduate students regard me as a tough instructor who pushes them to work too hard. My notorious reputation is perhaps a reflection of my dedication to impart meaningful knowledge.

Appendix E provides the statistical data available from the Student Evaluation Forms. The students reply to the following ten questions. A score of five (5) gives the highest rating while one (1) indicates the lowest:

  1. Lecture preparation: lectures are consistently well prepared and organized
  2. Assignments: course requirements, assignments, projects, etc, aid course objectives and are fair and evenly distributed.
  3. Communication: the instructor clearly explains material to a group.
  4. Responsiveness: the instructor is open to students’ questions and effectively answers them.
  5. Academic concern: the instructor seems to care whether the students learned.
  6. Availability: the instructor willingly makes time to help students.
  7. The instructor is fair and consistent in evaluating student performance.
  8. Environment: the instructor maintained a good learning environment in the lass.
  9. All things considered, this was a good course.
  10. All things considered: the instructor was an effective teacher.

In addition to these ten questions, the students also provide valuable written comments and feedback related to the following questions:

  1. What are the most positive aspects of this course.
  2. Grading has been fair and consistent. Indicate Yes or No. If No, tell why.
  3. What qualities did you like most about your instructor?
  4. What qualities did you like least about your instructor?
  5. Additional comments about the course and instructor.

The students' written comments for the classes I have taught are available upon request. A few of the students’ comments, quoted verbatim from the evaluation forms, follow:

MEEN 334, Mechanical Systems I

"Was an excellent class that brought the aspects of many parts of the engineering concepts that we had previously learned together and linked them in several ways." – Spring 1991.

"Instructor wants students to understand material fully. Not just use formulas to find a solution," – Spring 1992.

"He was very eager to work with us and always emphasized that we come to him if we were having problems with something. Even though he had much to do outside class with his research work, he still had time for us." – Spring 1991.

"Did listen to criticism and changed lecture style – helped," – Spring 1992.

"In class he was concerned whether students understood the material. The one minute papers helped him to know where problems area where." – Fall 1994.

"One of my first professors who id not see gender as an issue, very good." – Fall 1994.

"He put a lot of effort in the class. He was always available out of class time and always had extra-credit opportunities. Tried to relate real-life situations to material," – Spring 1994.

"He is a damn good teacher and he knows his material very well. He is easy to learn from and he gets the material across very well. I hope to have more professors like in my future classes." – Fall 1996.

"Very passionate about engineering: admits mistakes." – Fall 1997.

"Actually asks for feedback (one minute paper) and tries to adjust accordingly. Keeps his door open. Has a wonderful policy "No grade is final." This instills optimism instead of pessimism. Gives bonus for extra effort. He recognizes the massive amount of time spent in course." – Fall 1998.

MEEN 617, Mechanical Vibrations

"Notes and overhead helped a great deal in understanding the class, also demonstrations were interesting." – Fall 1993.

"This is your best class and the best class I have taken at A&M. Keep the good work." - Spring 1996.

"Very organized and well prepared lectures. Willing to answer questions. Makes time to answer questions. Concerned about what was learned not just what was done." – Spring 1997.

MEEN 626, Lubrication Theory

"He has a very deep and vast knowledge of the class material and thus, was able to effectively communicate the most important aspects." – Spring 1993.

"The instructor allows the chance to review and modify the material of the homeworks to improve the grade." – Fall 1995.

"He gives very goo explanations and makes clear concepts which were not as clearly explained with other instructors. Best class I ever had at A&M’" – Fall 1995.

"Caring that we understand and learn. Focus on quality of education. Attention to detail. His wealth of knowledge and understanding pertaining to this subject." – Fall 1997.

The summary of scores from the students' evaluations and the students' written comments demonstrate that I am a very effective teacher in the graduate level classes. In 1998 I received a departmental Outstanding Graduate Teaching Award and based on favorable comments and recommendations from the graduate students in my classes. I have improved notably my communication skills with the undergraduate students and I am more sympathetic to their busy schedules. I am also aware that I need to shape a teaching style which accommodates a wide and dissimilar audience, ranging from students with great interest in the topics studied to others with just marginal or passing interest in engineering.

At times I have noted that some of my undergraduate students expect to be evaluated solely on the basis of their attempts to try and not on their competence in the studied field. This condition has become pervasive in education as documented by the many editorials published in major education and newsmagazines. I remain firm in my belief that students earn their grades and this best serves the university’s goal to produce technically competent engineers.

Undergraduate and minority students involvement in research (Top)
I recognize the need to identify early on talented undergraduate students and to offer them an opportunity to perform guided research. I have acted since 1992 as an advisor to the TEES Undergraduate Summer Research Program and provided a research environment to several undergraduate students (including 5 females, 7 Hispanics, 2 Afro-American). I also volunteer to display my research and teaching advances to high school students at the TAMU Science, Technology & Youth Symposium held yearly in March.

I have published well over 100 journal papers, 80+ co-authored with graduate students, many of them minority.

Distinctions – Former Students (Female and Hispanic)

Name

Society

Distinction

Contribution

Deborah Osborne- Wilde

ASME Tribology Division

2004 Marshal Peterson Young Investigator Award

Gas Bearings and Seals

Sergio Diaz

ASME Tribology Division

2003 Burt Newkirk Investigator Award 

Squeeze Film Dampers

Nicole Zirkelback

Texas A&M University

1998 Outstanding Graduate Student Award

Gas Annular and Face Seals

  Several graduate and undergraduate students have obtained STLE scholarships and fellowships

 

2004 BEST Rotordynamics Paper Award IGTI  Structures and Dynamics Committee)

Rubio, D., and L., San Andrés, 2004, “Bump-Type Foil Bearing Structural Stiffness: Experiments and Predictions”, ASME Paper GT 2005-53611 (accepted for publication at ASME Journal of Gas Turbines and Power)

2003 Best Rotordynamics Paper Award (IGTI, Structures & Dynamics Committee)

Wilde, D.A., and San Andrés, L., 2003, “Experimental Response of Simple Gas Hybrid Bearings for Oil-Free Turbomachinery,” ASME Paper GT 2003-38833, ASME Turbo-Expo 2003 Conference, Atlanta, GA, June (accepted for publication at ASME Journal of Gas Turbines and Power).

 


Personal philosophy about graduate student education (Top)
I believe that work leading towards an advanced graduate degree should give the students a thorough and comprehensive knowledge of their professional field and training in methods of research. The final basis for granting the degree shall be the candidate’s grasp of the subject matter of a broad field of study and a demonstrated ability to do independent research. In addition, the student must have acquired the ability to express thoughts clearly and forcefully in both oral and written languages. The degree is not granted solely for the completion of course work, residence and technical requirements, although these must be met.

It is my belief that an advanced graduate degree is not granted because:

  • the student has merely written a few thousand lines of a computer code and verified its execution for several instances of some physical parameters without regard for the certainty of the predicted values or due consideration for the usefulness of the code to other members of our profession, or
  • the student has performed some experiments and measurements in an existing test facility without a thorough understanding of the physical principles involved in the operation and performance of the studied mechanical device.

I believe that my role as a graduate student advisor to the potential MS or Ph.D. candidate includes:

  • Provision of the means to conduct the research work (i.e. financial support, adequate office space in an environment conducive to scholarly activities, computational facilities, adequate software, and access/acquisition of papers, textbooks, etc.).
  • Guidance on the relevant literature related to the studied subject with suggestions for further reading and understanding on the major research topic.
  • Guidance on the proper use and selection of measurement techniques, instruments and sensors, and overall design of experiments.
  • Guidance on the proper selection of sound and efficient mathematical analysis and computational algorithms for the solution of the research problem of interest.
  • Conduct regularly scheduled meetings with the student to discuss progress and shortcomings, advantages/ disadvantages of a selected model or technique, major assumptions and limitations of the analysis (theoretical and computational), workarounds to overcome major modeling difficulties, suggestions to minimize computer execution time, strategies for efficient programming and/or testing, etc.
  • Edit technical manuscripts (written contributions) from candidate as per their scientific content and compliance with the guidelines of archival journal publications.
  • Recommend classes, seminars, etc. for the student to attend or audit, and such that these not only enhance the student’s depth in the researched field but also provide breadth and competence in the professional field.
  • Serve as an active co-author with the student for joint scholarly (per reviewed) journal publications by providing ideas and concepts, discussion of results, etc.

On the other hand, I believe my role as an advisor does not include the following activities,

  • Conduct minute scrutiny of the student progress.
  • Monitor correctness of analysis, equations, computer programs, etc. in every single detail.
  • Edit as per correct use of English and literary style each document, technical report and manuscript prepared by the student to show his/her research progress.
  • Teach the basic mathematical and engineering skills the student should have learned in his/her prior education.

I expect from a graduate student performing research under my direction:

  • To complete his/her work (assigned tasks and responsibilities) to the best of his/her ability.
  • To take full responsibility for his/her accomplishments and shortcomings.
  • To have a strong desire to learn and be of assistance to his/her fellow students in the Laboratory


Educational Activities with Latin American Universities (Top)
I also pursue active collaboration with universities and research centers in Mexico, Venezuela, Brazil and Ecuador. I have developed strong educational and research ties with IIE, CENIDET and CIATEQ in Mexico, Universidad Simón Bolívar in Venezuela and Escuela Politécnica in Ecuador. My desire is to disseminate the strong educational curriculum program at TAMU and the technical expertise of the Turbomachinery Laboratory to the Latin-American countries. I have also offered assistance in developing modern engineering curriculum in these countries and brought talented engineers to pursue graduate students at TAMU.

Future Goals as an Educator (Top)
My academic career is committed to teach students in Mechanical Engineering and to conduct useful research in the fields of tribology and rotordynamics. I have come a long way since I started teaching at TAMU. In the beginning I had virtually no prior training and expertise to undertake such vital activity conducive to prepare engineers working for the good of society. In many respects I learned the hard way, i.e. I gained knowledge and experience from many mistakes and by pumping timeless energy to reduce my shortcomings. I have become better prepared to teach well students who have dissimilar backgrounds. After all these years I remain excited and curious about the simplest of things and permanently perplexed by the beauty of mathematics and the sheer simplicity of nature's behavior.

On the coming years ahead I pledge to keep my ingenuity. I will remain an attentive listener of the students' concerns and desires. I would like to become more proficient in the use of modern object oriented programs and software. Enhanced computer based skills will allow me to better prepare and to present timely the class material. I also have a very detailed description of my research work and laboratory at the World Wide Web. The design of our web site has been selected by the Mechanical Engineering Department to display the many research areas at TAMU.

I will continue to believe that the education of a young engineer is more valuable than the thrill work in a research project or a cold impersonal journal publication. I will continue to learn more (and apply) modern teaching techniques with a special emphasis on group learning and organized cooperative activities. I also would like to mentor young faculty as they initiate their academic careers and face important challenges and responsibilities.

 

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Appendix A

Syllabus for Mechanical Systems I class
Dr. Luis San Andrés
Instructor Fall 1998
(Top)

Course Description:         Modeling and analysis of dynamic systems using classical techniques. Formulation and solution of systems equations, introduction to instrumentation and data acquisition.

Prerequisites:        CVEN 205, MEEN 213, MATH 308; Corequisite: MEEN 357.

Course Goals: To introduce the fundamental concepts for modeling dynamic systems, particularly discrete parameter mechanical systems, to derive differential equations of motion and determine systems dynamic response, and to provide knowledge for practice in understanding systems behavior.

Lecturer: Dr. Luis San Andrés, ENPH 118, Phone - 845-0160, LsanAndres@Mengr.tamu.edu

Office hours: T: 12:30-1:30p.m., W: 4:00-5:00 p.m., R: 10:00-11:00 a.m., or by appointment.

Class Time: 501/502/503, T,R 8:00-9:15 a.m., ZACH 127B

Labs: 501 - T 2:20-5:10 p.m., 502 - R 2:20-5:10 p.m., R - 11:10-2:00 p.m. ENPH 301.

References: System Dynamics, an Introduction, D. Rowell and D. Wormley, Prentice Hall Pubs, 1997.

MEEN 334 Class Notes (handouts), L. San Andrés, TEES Copy Center, WERC 221.

MEEN Laboratory Manual (URL sites phased out – not public access)

Other:                   Dynamics of Physical Systems, R. H. Cannon, McGraw-Hill Pub. Co, 1967.
Analysis and Design of Dynamic Systems,
Cochin, I., 1997, Addison-Wesley Pubs.
Engineering Mechanics, Vol. II: Dynamics, J.L. Meriam, L. Kraige, J. Wiley Pubs., III, 1992.
Vibrations of Mechanical and Structural Systems, L. James, Harper & Row
Pubs., N.Y., 1989.
Mechanical Vibrations, S.S. Rao, Addison-Wesley Pubs., 2nd Ed., 1990.

EXAM SCHEDULE:   1: Physical & Mathematical Modeling,              Wed., Oct. 7,         7-9:00 p.m. Zach 102
2: Dynamic Response of Systems,                    Wed., Nov. 11,
7-9:00 p.m. Zach 102
3: Final Comprehensive Exam, 501/502/503, Mon., Dec. 14,1:-
3:00 p.m. Zach 127B

Grading: Practice problems assigned but not graded. GRADED group take-home quizzes every Tuesday and turned in on Thursday. Two in-class exams and a comprehensive final exam. Exams will cover the material specified in the Meen 334 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES. No make-up exams will be given unless the student has an acceptable and verifiable excuse, and notified the lecture instructor in advance. (If the instructor is not in his office leave a [phone or e-mail] message and return address or phone number).

                   Take Home Quizzes          10%    (assigned Tuesday, turn in Thursday) Group work only.
                   Laboratories                     30%    (see Laboratory Syllabus for grade policies)
                   First Exam                        20%             
                   Second Exam                    20%
                   Final Exam                       20%    (Final is NOT optional nor will be waived)
                                                          100%

Your Take home quiz grade can be higher than 10%. In fact many student groups make 13 to 15%. How? By presenting detailed (and neat) quizzes that fully describe the solution of the problem(s), the steps in the modeling and procedure of solution, include a nomenclature and a sound discussion of the results obtained.

Note: All background material on prerequisites is the responsibility of each student (See page 5 of this handout).See a full description of Performance Objectives at class URL site

 

Meen 334, Class Syllabus         Fall 1998, Zach 127B        

Chp: indicates chapters from Rowel and Wormley reference book, HD: Dr. San Andrés class notes

w#

dates

Lecture Material (subject to revision)

Reading Assignment

1

08/31

Course Introduction Importance of system dynamics analysis and design. Review of dry friction and rolling friction. Operating point and example of dynamic response of a mechanical system.

HD#1, Chp. 1, pp. 1-14

HD #2

2

9/07

Physical Modeling of Lumped Parameter Mechanical Systems Equivalent Stiffness (K), Inertia (M) and Damping (D) Elements and associated potential & kinetic energies and power dissipation. (K,D,M) Elements for translational and rotational motions.

HD #2,

Chp. 2, pp. 19-37

3

9/14

Mathematical Modeling of Mechanical Systems Review of dynamics of particles and rigid bodies for motions in a plane. Conservation of linear and angular momentum.

HD #5: Examples,

Chp. 5, pp.120-145,

4

9/21

Equations of motion in mechanical systems Constraints and Degrees of Freedom. Free response (due to initial conditions) of mass-spring oscillator - The concept of harmonic motions and natural frequency . Linearization of non-linear mechanical systems.

HD #5: Examples

Chp. 3, pp. 83-89

5

9/28

Electrical and Fluidic Systems Electrical resistor, capacitance and inductance: constitutive equations. Principles of conservation (Kirchoff’s Laws). Fluidic capacitance and resistances. Thermal capacitance and resistances. Analogies to mechanical systems.

HD #3 & #4

Chp. 2, pp. 37-44, 44-53, 53-59

6

10/05

Review Oct. 7, Wed. 7-9 p.m.

Principle of operation of DC motors

Zach 102, EXAM I

7

10/12

Dynamic Response of First Order Systems. Derivation of equation of motion for first order systems. System Free Response due to initial conditions. The concept of time constant and its effect on the speed of response. Methods to identify (measure) a system time constant. System Dynamic Forced Response to Simple External Functions:Step and Ramp. Response to an Impulse Forcing Function

Chp. 9, pp. 276-294,

HD #6a,b

8

10/19

Dynamic Response of Second Order Systems. Response of Undamped Systems. The concept of natural frequency revisited. Types of response: underdamped, overdamped, critically damped systems.

Chp. 9, pp. 309-320,

HD #7a

9

10/26

Free response due to Initial Conditions. The concept of logarithmic decrement and damping ratio and its effect on the dynamic response. Method to identify damping and natural frequency of a system.

HD #7a,b

10

11/02

Forced Vibrations Response to Simple External Loading Functions: Impulse, Step and Ramp Responses. Steady State values.

HD #7b

11

11/09

Review Nov. 11, Wed. 7-9 p.m.

Review of numerical solution of ODE’s Short review of Eulers’ method and numerical stability (artificial numerical viscosity)

Zach 102, EXAM II

12

11/16

Frequency Response of First Order Systems Dynamic Response to Periodic (Harmonic) Excitations. Interpretation of amplitude and phase angle of dynamic response. Uses of a low pass frequency filter.

HD #6c

Chp. 14, pp.453-472

13

11/23

Frequency Response of Second Order Systems Frequency Response (Amplitude and Phase angle) for constant magnitude force and imbalance forces. Interpretation of regimes of operation.

HD #7d,e

Thanksgiving Nov. 26th

14

11/30

Understanding Frequency Response Functions: Regimes of operation: below, above and around the natural frequency. Force diagrams. Force transmissibility and design considerations for foundation isolation.

HD #7e,f

15

12/07

Examples and Applications: Vibration isolators Tues. 12/08

Last day of class

16

12/14

501-502-503: Mon., Dec. 14, 1:00-3:00 p.m.

ZACH 127B, FINAL EXAM

Important note, Chapter 8.3: Classical solution of linear differential equations is responsibility of student.

Policies Meen 334 - Mechanical Systems I. Fall 1998 - Dr. Luis San Andrés

About Handouts: The handouts used in this course are copyrighted. By "handouts," I mean all materials generated for this class, which include but are not limited to syllabi, quizzes, exams, lab problems, in-class materials, review sheets, and additional problem sets. Because these materials are copyrighted, you do not have the right to distribute freely the handouts, unless the author expressly grants permission.

About plagiarism: As commonly defined, plagiarism consists of passing off as one’s own ideas, words, writings, etc., which belong to another. In accordance with this definition, you are committing plagiarism if you copy the work of another person and turn it in as your own, even if you should have the permission of that person. Plagiarism is one of the worst academic sins, for the plagiarist destroys the trust among colleagues without which knowledge and learning cannot be safely communicated. If you have any questions regarding plagiarism, please consult the latest issue of the Texas A&M University Student Rules, under the section "Scholastic Dishonesty."

Practice problems will be assigned as the semester progresses. These will not be graded, but they are good practice for the exams. It cannot be emphasized enough that the way to learn how to work problems is to work problems. Use the given answer only to determine that your strategy, your procedure, and your numerical computations are correct. Working backwards from the answer will not teach you the engineering method, or the principles involved in the problem.

Solutions to practice problems will not be posted. I suggest students should take advantage of office hours to obtain help in developing clear procedures for solution of problems and to improve their understanding of class materials. The instructor will not solve problems for you on office hours; instead he will help you learn an engineering method for problem solving. The class handouts include many worked examples and solved exam problems that will allow you to study best for this class.

Take-home quizzes will be assigned every Tuesday and must be turned in Thursday. Quizzes will be worked in groups of 3 or 4 students (perhaps the same groups as those assigned in Lab). Quizzes will be graded and returned in class the following week. Please note that quizzes make 10% of your total grade. Solutions to quizzes will be posted at the TEES Copy Center located on the second floor of the WERC building. There will be no excuses for missing quizzes.

Those portions of the textbook devoted to mechanical (structural) systems will be the main subjects of the course, but a few electrical and hydraulic systems will be considered also, and their analogies to mechanical systems will be emphasized as an aid to modeling. The lectures will broaden the coverage of the textbook and provide examples of analysis as applied to the design and troubleshooting of mechanical systems. There will be significant amounts of subject material mentioned in the lectures which are not in the textbook. The textbook is not a complete reference for this course. The class notes of Dr. Luis San Andrés are available at the TEES WERC Copy Center or can be downloaded from URL site. Attendance and attention to the lectures are therefore mandatory for success. References for outside reading will be recommended in class.

About office hours: The purpose of office hours is to encourage individual interaction between the students and the instructor. The nstructors is available to discuss not only questions related to the course, but other issues where I can help as a professional engineer, educator and researcher. Please take advantage of office hours. To utilize this time efficiently, students should prepare by organizing questions in advance.

I am willing to help you at times other than office hours without an appointment. However, just like you, I have responsibilities other than MEEN 334 (teach other classes, direct graduate student research, write proposals and technical papers, organize laboratories, voluntary work for ASME, etc.). I must budget certain times to meet those responsibilities. My weekly work schedule is posted outside my office. Please do not be offended if I am in the office but cannot meet with you. The use of e-mails for communication with your instructor is acceptable. I usually receive three types of e-mail messages:

  1. a request to schedule a meeting at other times than office hours. I will provide you with an exact date and time for the meeting,
  2. questions related to the impending take-home quiz due (say) next day,
  3. questions related to the study material for an exam.

I reply promptly to all messages (usually within the next hour).

I recommend the following relevant problems from the reference book System Dynamics, an Intoduction, by D. Rowell and D. Wormley, Prentice Hall Pubs, 1997. X-copies available at WERC copy center.

Some of these problems may be assigned as weekly quizzes or may appear in any of the exams. Work (with your group) as many problems as possible. After all, the exercises will benefit you and the more you practice the better you will become!

Chapter

Topic

Problem number

1

Introduction

2

2

Energy and Power Flow

1,4,5,6,9,15

3

Primitive one-port elements

1, 9

5

State equation formulation

4,5,8,10,12,16,21

8

Solution of ODEs

12,14,18

9

System response

2,4,6,11,12,13,14,16,23,24

14

Frequency response

5,6,14,17,19,20,23

Prerequisites for Meen 334:

MEEN 213: Engineering Mechanics II

Plane kinematics and kinetics of Rigid Bodies.Free Body Diagrams, Area and Mass Moment of Inertia.

Newton’s Laws of Motion: Conservation of Linear and Angular Momentum.

Principles of Work and Energy, Impulse and Momentum.

Correct use of SI and U.S. Customary units. Conversion skills and equivalence of units.

MATH 308: Differential Equations: